Riscaldatore a fiamma API 560 ad alta temperatura per preriscaldatori di greggio in unità di recupero dello zolfo
Il riscaldatore a tubi orizzontali API 560 è un'apparecchiatura specializzata utilizzata nei processi industriali per riscaldare fluidi, tipicamente per applicazioni petrolifere e del gas.
Specifiche dei materiali dei tubi del riscaldatore a tubi orizzontali API 560
| Materiale |
Tubo (Specifiche ASTM) |
Tubo (Specifiche ASTM) |
| Acciaio al carbonio |
A53, A106 Gr B |
A192, A210 Gr A-1 |
| Carbonio-1/2Mo |
A335 Gr P1 |
A209 Gr T1 |
| 1 1/4 Cr-1/2Mo |
A335 Gr P11 |
A213 Gr T11 |
| 2 1/4 Cr-1Mo |
A335 Gr P22 |
A213 Gr T22 |
| 3Cr-1Mo |
A335 Gr P21 |
A213 Gr T21 |
| 5Cr-1/2Mo |
A335 Gr P5 |
A213 Gr T5 |
| 5Cr-1/2Mo-Si |
A335 Gr P5b |
A213 Gr T5b |
| 9Cr-1Mo |
A335 Gr P9 |
A213 Gr T9 |
| 9Cr-1Mo-V |
A335 Gr P91 |
A213 Gr T91 |
| 9Cr-2Si-1Cu |
A335 Gr P921 |
A213 Gr T921 |
| 10.5Cr-V |
A335 Gr P115 |
A213 Gr T115 |
| 18Cr-8Ni |
A312, A376, TP 304, TP 304, TP 304, TP 304, TP 304L |
A213, TP 304, TP 304L |
| 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo |
A312, A376, TP 316, TP 316H, TP 316L |
A213, TP 316, TP 316L |
| 18Cr-10Ni-3Mo |
A312, TP 317, TP 317L |
A213, TP 317, TP 317L |
| 18Cr-10Ni-Ti |
A312, A376, TP 321, TP 321H |
A213, TP 321, TP 321H |
| 18Cr-10Ni-Nb |
A312, A376, TP 347, TP 347H |
A213, TP 347, TP 347H |
| 18Cr-10Ni-3Cu-Nb |
A312, UNS S34752 |
A213, UNS S34752 |
Bibliografia del riscaldatore a tubi orizzontali API 560
[1] API Standard 536, Controllo NOx post-combustione per apparecchiature a fiamma nei servizi generali di raffineria
[2] Scheda dati API Standard 541, Induzione a gabbia di scoiattolo avvolta a forma - Scheda dati delle apparecchiature meccaniche
[3] Scheda dati API Standard 546, Macchine sincrone senza spazzole - 500 kVA e superiori - Apparecchiature meccaniche
[4] Scheda dati API Standard 547, Motori a induzione a gabbia di scoiattolo avvolti a forma di uso generale da 250 cavalli e superiori - Scheda dati delle apparecchiature meccaniche
[5] API Recommended Practice 554, Strumentazione e controllo di processo
[6] API Recommended Practice 555, Analizzatori di processo
[7] American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers20, Handbook of Fundamentals, Second Edition, New York, 1974.
[8] ASM Metals Handbook 21, Volume 3, Properties and Selection: Stainless Steels, Tool Materials and Special purpose Metals
[9] ASME B31.3, Process Piping
[10] ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), Section VIII: Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels; Division 1
[11] ASTM A36/A36M, Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
[12] ASTM A53/A53M, Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
[13] ASTM A105/A105M, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications
[14] ASTM A106/A106M, Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
[15] ASTM A181/A181M, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping
[16] ASTM A182/182M, Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges,
Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service
[17] ASTM A192/A192M, Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes for High-Pressure or High Pressure Service and Other Service
[18] ASTM A193/A193M, Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature Special Purpose Applications
[19] ASTM A194/A194M, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both
[20] ASTM A209/A209M, Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy-Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
[21] ASTM A210/A210M, Standard Specification for Seamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
[22] ASTM A213/A213M, Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat- Exchanger Tubes
[23] ASTM A216/A216M, Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High Temperature Service
[24] ASTM A217/A217M, Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service
[25] ASTM A234/A234M, Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service
[26] ASTM A240/A240M, Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications
[27] ASTM A242/A242M, Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel
[28] ASTM A283/A283M, Standard Specification for Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates
[29] ASTM A297/A297M, Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application
[30] ASTM A307/A307M, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and Threaded Rod 60,000 PSI Tensile Strength
[31] ASTM A312/A312M, Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
[32] ASTM A320/A320M, Standard Specification for Alloy Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature Service
[33] ASTM A325/A325M, Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
[34] ASTM A335/A335M, Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
[35] ASTM A351/A351M, Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts
[36] ASTM A376/A376M, Standard Specification for Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
[37] ASTM A384/A384M, Standard Practice for Safeguarding Against Warpage and Distortion During Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Steel Assemblies
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