API 661 Air Cooler Bundle Forced Draft Plug Type With Al Fin For Refinery
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Air Cooler Type
Forced Draft
High-outlet-temperature applications: When the process medium temperature is extremely high (e.g., $> 150^circtext{C}$), the air temperature after heat exchange will also be very high. In such cases, a forced-draft configuration must be used to prevent the high-temperature air from damaging the fan motors, belts, and bearings located at the top. Projects prioritizing maintenance costs and convenience: With the fans, motors, and drive mechanisms positioned at the base, routine on-site maintenance and the replacement of components can be performed without the need for high-altitude scaffolding. Projects sensitive to initial capital expenditure (CAPEX): The structural steel framework required for a forced-draft design is relatively simple, resulting in lower overall manufacturing and installation costs compared to an induced-draft design.
Direct Exposure to Precipitation (Rain/Snow) and Frost Formation
Cause: The tube bundle is left exposed at the very top.
Countermeasure: In cold regions (such as at refineries during winter operations), louvers or variable-frequency drive (VFD) fans should be installed to prevent the process fluid inside the tubes from freezing.